Op basis van het werkingsmechanisme zou het sap vooral bij auto-immuun stoornissen kunnen werken. Bijvoorbeeld bij reuma, of chronische darmontstekingen. Er zijn namelijk gegevens dat stoffen uit de vrucht remmend kunnen werken op ontstekingen.^[1][2][3]

Er is een klinische studie gepubliceerd bij 60 patienten met last van mondgeur. Deze patienten spoelden de mond, of met extract van het omhulsel van de vrucht, of met placebo. Alle klinische symptomen reageerden goed op het preparaat en er werd een significante verbetering gevonden. Dit is vooralsnog de enige studie naar de effectiviteit van het sap in mensen.

De bestanddelen van de vrucht hebben een sterke anti-oxydant werking. In matige tot hoge concentraties bleek het sap niet giftig te zijn.. Sommige van de stoffen die in mangistan (mangostan, mangosteen) gevonden worden bleken actief te zijn tegen de malaria parasiet. Ook is er sprake van een antibiotische werkzaamheid.

Samenvattend zijn er een aantal aandoeningen in de literatuur beschreven waarbij mangistan/ mangosteen sap zinvol zou kunnen zijn, op basis van biologische (niet klinische) studies.

Cholesterol verhoging

Ontsteking/pijn behandeling door de zg. Cox 2 remming^3,9
Dermatologische problemen ⁴
Antibacteriele werkzaamheid ⁵
Anti-allergische werkzaamheid ⁶
Invloed op het immuunsysteem ⁷

De klinische betekenis van de stoffen en extracten van deze vrucht en het omhulsel ervan is dus nog niet geheel duidelijk, maar het zou zinvol zijn dit nader te bestuderen.

Literatuur over mangostan

Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Ohguchi K, Ito T, Tanaka T, Iinuma M, Nozawa Y.Xanthones induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer DLD-1 cells. Bioorg Med Chem. 2005 Nov 1;13(21):6064-9.

Nabandith V, Suzui M, Morioka T, Kaneshiro T, Kinjo T, Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Iinuma M, Yoshimi N. Inhibitory effects of crude alpha-mangostin, a xanthone derivative, on two different categories of colon preneoplastic lesions induced by 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine in the rat. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2004 Oct-Dec;5(4):433-8.

Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Yi H, Ohguchi K, Ito T, Tanaka T, Kobayashi E, Iinuma M, Nozawa Y.Preferential target is mitochondria in alpha-mangostin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia HL60 cells. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2004 Nov 15;12(22):5799-806.

Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Kobayashi E, Ohguchi K, Ito T, Tanaka T, Iinuma M, Nozawa Y.Induction of apoptosis by xanthones from mangosteen in human leukemia cell lines. J Nat Prod. 2003 Aug;66(8):1124-7.

Nakatani K, Nakahata N, Arakawa T, Yasuda H, Ohizumi. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by gamma-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Jan 1;63(1):73-9.

Antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line J.Ethnopharmacol, 2004 Jan:90(1):161-6

Induction of apoptosis by xanthones from mangosteen in human leukemia cell lines. J.Nat Prod. 2003 Aug;55(8):1124-7

Jung HA, et al. Antioxidant xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinica mangostana (Mangosteen). J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54(6): 2077-82.

Ho CK, Huang YL, Chen CC. Garcinone E, a xanthone derivative, has potent cytotoxic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Planta Med 2002; 68(11):975-979.

Moongkarndi P, et al. Antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90(1):161-166.

indicaties

3. Biochem Pharmacol 2002 Jan 1;63(1):73-9. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by gamma-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells. Nakatani K, Nakahata N, Arakawa T, Yasuda H, Ohizumi Y. Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan.

4. Farnsworth N. 1992. Thai Medicinal Plants. Bangkok, Thailand: Medicinal Plant Information Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University.

5. Planta Med 1983 May;48(1):59-60. Antimicrobial activities of Garcinia mangostana. Sundaram BM, Gopalakrishnan C, Subramanian S, Shankaranarayanan D, Kameswaran L.

6. Inhibitions of histamine release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mangosteen, a Thai medicinal plant. Nakatani K, Atsumi M, Arakawa T, Oosawa K, Shimura S, Nakahata N, Ohizumi Y. o Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.

7. J Med Assoc Thai 1997 Sep;80 Suppl 1:S149-54. Immunopharmacological activity of polysaccharide from the pericarb of mangosteen garcinia: phagocytic intracellular killing activities. Chanarat P, Chanarat N, Fujihara M, Nagumo T. Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.

8. Peres V, Nagem T, Faustino de Oliveira F. 2000. Tetraoxygenated naturally occurring xanthones. Phytochemistry. 55:683-710

9. Nakatani K, Nakahata N, Arakawa T, Yasuda H, Ohizumi Y.Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by gamma-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Jan 1;63(1):73-9.

10. Tapiero, H., et. al. “Polyphenols: do they play a role in the prevention of human pathologies?” Biomedicine & Pharmacotheraphy; 2002, 56 (4):200-207

11. Huang, D., et. al. “High-throughout assay of oxygen radical absorbency capacity using multichannel liquid handling system coupled with a microplate florescence reader in 96 we format.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry: 2002 50 (16): 4437-4444

12. Mangosteen in the Columbia Encyclopedia, 6 th edition, Columbia University Press 2003

13. Parkinson. R. “Mangoes, Lychees and Mangosteen.: Chinese Cuisine 2004

14. Jiang, D.J. e. al. “ Pharmacological effects of xanthones as cardiovascular protective agents.” Cardiovascular Drug Reviews , 2004, 22(2):91-102

15. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of natural xanthones from Garcinia mangostana and their synthetic derivatives – J. Nat Prod 1997 May; 60 (5):519-24

16. Active constituents against HIV-1 protease from Mangosteen- Planta Med 1996 Aug;62(4):381-2

17. Mangostin inhibits the oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein- Free radic Res. 1995 Aug.:23(2):175-84

18. Chomnawang MT, Surassmo S, Nukoolkarn VS, Gritsanapan W. Antimicrobial effects of Thai medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jul 8.

19. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Mangosteen, Clinical Summary. Available at: http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/69295.cfm. Accessed July 18, 2005.

20. Quackwatch Web site. Mangosteen. Available at: www.quackwatch.org. Accessed July 18, 2005.

21. Suksamrarn S, et al. Xanthones from the green fruit hulls of Garcinia mangostana. J Nat Prod 2002; 65(5):761-763.

Referenties

[1]: Nakatani K, Atsumi M, Arakawa T, Oosawa K, Shimura S, Nakahata N, Ohizumi Y. | Inhibitions of histamine release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mangosteen, a Thai medicinal plant. | Biol Pharm Bull. | 2002 Sep;25(9):1137-41.

[2]: Nakatani K, Nakahata N, Arakawa T, Yasuda H, Ohizumi Y. | Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by gamma-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells. | Biochem Pharmacol. | 2002 Jan 1;63(1):73-9.

[3]: Weecharangsan W, Opanasopit P, Sukma M, Ngawhirunpat T, Sotanaphun U, Siripong P. | Antioxidative and neuroprotective activities of extracts from the fruit hull of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.). | Med Princ Pract. | 2006;15(4):281-7.

[4]: Mahabusarakam W, Proudfoot J, Taylor W, Croft K. | Inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation by prenylated xanthones derived from mangostin. | Free Radic Res. | 2000 Nov;33(5):643-59.

[5]: Williams P, Ongsakul M, Proudfoot J, Croft K, Beilin L. | Mangostin inhibits the oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein. | Free Radic Res. | 1995 Aug;23(2):175-84